Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were treated with R14 peptide at concentrations ranged from 5–100 µM, or vehicle for 24 h (A), 48 h (B), and 72 h (C), and cell viability was determined by an MTT assay. Cells without the R14 peptide served as an untreated control. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemolytic activity of R14 peptide.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Control

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (100 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of R14 peptide (5–100 µM) or colchicine (10 µM) for 6 h. The levels of IL-1β production were determined by sandwich ELISA. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. ### p < 0.001 compared to the unstimulated THP-1 macrophages. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the MSU crystal-induced THP-1 macrophages.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Sandwich ELISA

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (100 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of R14 peptide (5–100 µM). After 6 h incubation, the protein expressions from supernatants and cell lysates were examined by Western blotting. The Western blot images of protein bands are the representative of three separate experiments (A). Bar diagrams showing densitometric analysis of the relative expression of pro-caspase-1/β-actin, intermediate caspase-1/β-actin, caspase-1/β-actin (B), pro-IL-1β/β-actin, IL-1β/β-actin (C) and NLRP3/β-actin (D), quantified using ImageJ software. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 compared to the unstimulated THP-1 macrophages. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the MSU crystals-induced THP-1 macrophages.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Western Blot, Expressing, Software

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (100 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of R14 peptide (5–100 µM). After 30 min incubation, the expression of p-IκB-α and nuclear-NF-κB p65 protein were determined by Western blotting. The Western blot images of protein bands are the representative of three separate experiments. Bar diagrams showing densitometric analysis of the relative expression of p-IκB-α/β-actin (B) and nuclear NF-κB p65/β-actin (D), quantified using ImageJ software. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ## p < 0.01 compared to the unstimulated THP-1 macrophages. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the MSU crystals-induced THP-1 macrophages.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Expressing, Western Blot, Software

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: A wild rice-derived peptide R14 ameliorates monosodium urate crystals-induced IL-1β secretion through inhibition of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation

doi: 10.7717/peerj.15295

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated with MSU crystals (100 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of R14 peptide (5–100 µM) for 6 h. The levels of ROS production were determined by measuring fluorescence at an excitation wavelength at 485 nm and an emission wavelength at 535 nm. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ### p < 0.001 compared to the unstimulated THP-1 macrophages. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 compared with the MSU crystal-induced THP-1 macrophages.

Article Snippet: Rice14 (R14) peptide at the purity of ≥ 95.0% (by HPLC) was synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ, USA).

Techniques: Fluorescence